<p data-path-to-node="2" id="p-rc_98633fa7ba3933c5-201"><span data-path-to-node="2,0"><b data-path-to-node="2,0" data-index-in-node="0">CHITTAGONG</b> — Facing critical quayside yard utilization levels and acting to safeguard export vessel schedules ahead of the peak fourth-quarter global shipping push, the Chittagong Port Authority (CPA), in executive coordination with the Chittagong Custom House and the Bangladesh Inland Container Depots Association (BICDA), has officially enforced a statutory operational directive requiring all empty ocean containers discharged at primary port terminals to be evacuated to licensed off-dock private Inland Container Depots (ICDs) within 36 hours</span><span data-path-to-node="2,1"><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><source-footnote _nghost-ng-c804304336="" class="ng-star-inserted"><sup _ngcontent-ng-c804304336="" class="superscript"><!----></sup></source-footnote><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----></span><span data-path-to-node="2,2">.</span><sources-carousel-inline ng-version="0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER" _nghost-ng-c3358956695=""><!----></sources-carousel-inline></p><p data-path-to-node="3" id="p-rc_98633fa7ba3933c5-202"><span data-path-to-node="3,0">The enforceable circular applies across all primary container-handling facilities within Bangladesh’s premier maritime gateway, including the New Mooring Container Terminal (NCT), the Chittagong Container Terminal (CCT), and the Patenga Container Terminal (PCT)</span><span data-path-to-node="3,1"><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><source-footnote _nghost-ng-c804304336="" class="ng-star-inserted"><sup _ngcontent-ng-c804304336="" class="superscript"><!----></sup></source-footnote><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----></span><span data-path-to-node="3,2">. Under the mandatory regime, empty container boxes offloaded from arriving common feeder vessels are strictly prohibited from remaining in waterfront marshalling yards beyond the 36-hour grace window</span><span data-path-to-node="3,3"><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><source-footnote _nghost-ng-c804304336="" class="ng-star-inserted"><sup _ngcontent-ng-c804304336="" class="superscript"><!----></sup></source-footnote><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----></span><span data-path-to-node="3,4">. Ocean container carriers, slot charterers, and licensed clearing and forwarding (C&F) agents who fail to evacuate empty units within the designated timeframe will face escalating progressive daily storage penalties, punitive ground-rent surcharges, and administrative berthing holds debited directly against carrier operating ledgers</span><span data-path-to-node="3,5"><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><source-footnote _nghost-ng-c804304336="" class="ng-star-inserted"><sup _ngcontent-ng-c804304336="" class="superscript"><!----></sup></source-footnote><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----></span><span data-path-to-node="3,6">.</span><sources-carousel-inline ng-version="0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER" _nghost-ng-c3358956695=""><!----></sources-carousel-inline></p><p data-path-to-node="4" id="p-rc_98633fa7ba3933c5-203"><span data-path-to-node="4,0">The administrative intervention directly tackles an acute spatial imbalance across the seaport</span><span data-path-to-node="4,1"><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><source-footnote _nghost-ng-c804304336="" class="ng-star-inserted"><sup _ngcontent-ng-c804304336="" class="superscript"><!----></sup></source-footnote><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----></span><span data-path-to-node="4,2">. With global container liner networks rebalancing regional equipment pools and blanking sailings across South Asian loops, offloaded empty boxes rapidly accumulated across waterfront storage blocks, pushing terminal stacking densities beyond the critical 85% operational safety threshold</span><span data-path-to-node="4,3"><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><source-footnote _nghost-ng-c804304336="" class="ng-star-inserted"><sup _ngcontent-ng-c804304336="" class="superscript"><!----></sup></source-footnote><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----></span><span data-path-to-node="4,4">. When quayside yards breach these capacity limits, ship-to-shore (STS) gantry cranes and rubber-tyred gantry (RTG) cranes are forced into non-productive container reshuffling to unearth specific import boxes</span><span data-path-to-node="4,5"><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><source-footnote _nghost-ng-c804304336="" class="ng-star-inserted"><sup _ngcontent-ng-c804304336="" class="superscript"><!----></sup></source-footnote><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----></span><span data-path-to-node="4,6">. This mechanical friction degrades crane productivity, lengthens vessel port stays, and forces incoming common feeder vessels operating high-frequency loops to Colombo, Singapore, and Port Klang into prolonged outer anchorage delays along the Karnaphuli River approach</span><span data-path-to-node="4,7"><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><source-footnote _nghost-ng-c804304336="" class="ng-star-inserted"><sup _ngcontent-ng-c804304336="" class="superscript"><!----></sup></source-footnote><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----></span><span data-path-to-node="4,8">.</span><sources-carousel-inline ng-version="0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER" _nghost-ng-c3358956695=""><!----></sources-carousel-inline></p><p data-path-to-node="5" id="p-rc_98633fa7ba3933c5-204"><span data-path-to-node="5,0">To execute the dynamic off-dock evacuation without snarling port perimeter gates or local traffic, the CPA, Chittagong Customs, and BICDA have deployed an automated dispatch workflow</span><span data-path-to-node="5,1"><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><source-footnote _nghost-ng-c804304336="" class="ng-star-inserted"><sup _ngcontent-ng-c804304336="" class="superscript"><!----></sup></source-footnote><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----></span><span data-path-to-node="5,2">:</span><sources-carousel-inline ng-version="0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER" _nghost-ng-c3358956695=""><!----></sources-carousel-inline></p><ul data-path-to-node="6"><li><p data-path-to-node="6,0,0" id="p-rc_98633fa7ba3933c5-205"><span data-path-to-node="6,0,0,0"><b data-path-to-node="6,0,0,0" data-index-in-node="0">Direct-to-Offdock Dynamic Quotas:</b> Ocean container lines must pre-allocate discharged empty inventories directly to licensed private ICDs prior to vessel berthing</span><span data-path-to-node="6,0,0,1"><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><source-footnote _nghost-ng-c804304336="" class="ng-star-inserted"><sup _ngcontent-ng-c804304336="" class="superscript"><!----></sup></source-footnote><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----></span><span data-path-to-node="6,0,0,2">. The 19 private off-dock depots encircling Chattogram—which maintain a cumulative holding capacity exceeding 105,000 TEUs—serve as the dedicated storage, maintenance, and empty-repositioning buffer</span><span data-path-to-node="6,0,0,3"><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><source-footnote _nghost-ng-c804304336="" class="ng-star-inserted"><sup _ngcontent-ng-c804304336="" class="superscript"><!----></sup></source-footnote><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----></span><span data-path-to-node="6,0,0,4">.</span><sources-carousel-inline ng-version="0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER" _nghost-ng-c3358956695=""><!----></sources-carousel-inline></p></li><li><p data-path-to-node="6,1,0" id="p-rc_98633fa7ba3933c5-206"><span data-path-to-node="6,1,0,0"><b data-path-to-node="6,1,0,0" data-index-in-node="0">Automated RFID and Smart-Gate Validation:</b> Heavy skeletal trailers hauling empty containers out of terminal gates pass through high-speed Optical Character Recognition (OCR) and RFID scanner gantries</span><span data-path-to-node="6,1,0,1"><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><source-footnote _nghost-ng-c804304336="" class="ng-star-inserted"><sup _ngcontent-ng-c804304336="" class="superscript"><!----></sup></source-footnote><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----></span><span data-path-to-node="6,1,0,2">. Equipment condition records and container identification numbers are validated in motion, allowing trucks to exit harbor boundaries in under 30 seconds without manual paperwork delays</span><span data-path-to-node="6,1,0,3"><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><source-footnote _nghost-ng-c804304336="" class="ng-star-inserted"><sup _ngcontent-ng-c804304336="" class="superscript"><!----></sup></source-footnote><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----></span><span data-path-to-node="6,1,0,4">.</span><sources-carousel-inline ng-version="0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER" _nghost-ng-c3358956695=""><!----></sources-carousel-inline></p></li><li><p data-path-to-node="6,2,0" id="p-rc_98633fa7ba3933c5-207"><span data-path-to-node="6,2,0,0"><b data-path-to-node="6,2,0,0" data-index-in-node="0">Round-the-Clock Drayage Corridors:</b> Transport operators utilize scheduled, round-the-clock drayage corridors, shifting high-volume empty equipment blocks during evening and off-peak hours to prevent localized traffic bottlenecks along the Dhaka–Chittagong highway approach</span><span data-path-to-node="6,2,0,1"><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><source-footnote _nghost-ng-c804304336="" class="ng-star-inserted"><sup _ngcontent-ng-c804304336="" class="superscript"><!----></sup></source-footnote><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----></span><span data-path-to-node="6,2,0,2">.</span><sources-carousel-inline ng-version="0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER" _nghost-ng-c3358956695=""><!----></sources-carousel-inline></p></li></ul><p data-path-to-node="7" id="p-rc_98633fa7ba3933c5-208"><span data-path-to-node="7,0">The primary objective of the directive is to protect Bangladesh’s core economic driver: the Ready-Made Garment (RMG) export industry</span><span data-path-to-node="7,1"><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><source-footnote _nghost-ng-c804304336="" class="ng-star-inserted"><sup _ngcontent-ng-c804304336="" class="superscript"><!----></sup></source-footnote><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----></span><span data-path-to-node="7,2">. Apparel factories situated across Gazipur, Savar, Narayanganj, and the Chattogram Export Processing Zone (CEPZ) operate on rigid, synchronized manufacturing lead times to meet seasonal retail replenishment dates across Western Europe and North America</span><span data-path-to-node="7,3"><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><source-footnote _nghost-ng-c804304336="" class="ng-star-inserted"><sup _ngcontent-ng-c804304336="" class="superscript"><!----></sup></source-footnote><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----></span><span data-path-to-node="7,4">. By immediately clearing waterfront aprons of empty boxes, the CPA frees up essential ground slots and crane cycles exclusively for export-laden garment containers</span><span data-path-to-node="7,5"><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><source-footnote _nghost-ng-c804304336="" class="ng-star-inserted"><sup _ngcontent-ng-c804304336="" class="superscript"><!----></sup></source-footnote><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----></span><span data-path-to-node="7,6">. This enables export trucks arriving from inland factories and off-dock stuffing depots to roll directly under quayside cranes, ensuring containers make scheduled feeder connections without vessel rollovers or costly airfreight diversions</span><span data-path-to-node="7,7"><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><source-footnote _nghost-ng-c804304336="" class="ng-star-inserted"><sup _ngcontent-ng-c804304336="" class="superscript"><!----></sup></source-footnote><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----></span><span data-path-to-node="7,8">.</span><sources-carousel-inline ng-version="0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER" _nghost-ng-c3358956695=""><!----></sources-carousel-inline></p><p data-path-to-node="8" id="p-rc_98633fa7ba3933c5-209"><span data-path-to-node="8,0">Speaking during an operational implementation briefing, senior administrative leadership at the Chittagong Port Authority emphasized that waterfront container docks must operate strictly as high-velocity transit conduits rather than indefinite storage yards</span><span data-path-to-node="8,1"><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><source-footnote _nghost-ng-c804304336="" class="ng-star-inserted"><sup _ngcontent-ng-c804304336="" class="superscript"><!----></sup></source-footnote><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----></span><span data-path-to-node="8,2">. The mandatory dynamic empty evacuation protocol ensures that terminal aprons maintain optimal maneuvering room, decompressing waterfront density and safeguarding schedule reliability for Bangladesh’s international export trade</span><span data-path-to-node="8,3"><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><source-footnote _nghost-ng-c804304336="" class="ng-star-inserted"><sup _ngcontent-ng-c804304336="" class="superscript"><!----></sup></source-footnote><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----><!----></span><span data-path-to-node="8,4">.</span></p>
Chittagong Port Authority Mandates Off-Dock Staging for Empty Boxes to Alleviate RMG Berthing Delays
The enforceable circular applies across all primary container-handling facilities within Bangladesh’s premier maritime gateway, including the New Mooring Container Terminal (NCT), the Chittagong Container Terminal (CCT), and the Patenga Container Terminal (PCT). Under the mandatory regime, empty container boxes offloaded from arriving common feeder vessels are strictly prohibited from remaining in waterfront marshalling yards beyond the 36-hour grace window. Ocean container carriers, slot charterers, and licensed clearing and forwarding (C&F) agents who fail to evacuate empty units within the designated timeframe will face escalating progressive daily storage penalties, punitive ground-rent surcharges, and administrative berthing holds debited directly against carrier operating ledgers.
