<p data-path-to-node="5">Responding to sustained volatility and rapid price increases across global bunkering hubs, major ocean carriers including <b data-path-to-node="5" data-index-in-node="146">CMA CGM</b>, <b data-path-to-node="5" data-index-in-node="155">Mediterranean Shipping Company (MSC)</b>, <b data-path-to-node="5" data-index-in-node="193">Maersk</b>, and <b data-path-to-node="5" data-index-in-node="205">Ocean Network Express (ONE)&nbsp;</b>have introduced a fresh wave of Emergency Fuel Surcharges (EFS) and bunker adjustment mechanisms.</p><p data-path-to-node="6">Driven by geopolitical friction, tight energy supplies, and rerouted vessel traffic around key maritime choke points, marine fuel prices have surged across key bunkering ports in Asia and Europe. With bunker fuel remaining one of the single largest operating expenditures in ocean shipping, lines are moving quickly to pass cost increases directly to shippers across primary East-West and regional trade routes.</p><h3 data-path-to-node="8"><b data-path-to-node="8" data-index-in-node="0">Spike in Bunker Prices, Surcharge Tiers, and Inland Cost Exposure</b></h3><p data-path-to-node="9">The new surcharge frameworks address escalating operational costs across both ocean legs and inland intermodal connections:</p><ul data-path-to-node="10"><li><p data-path-to-node="10,0,0"><b data-path-to-node="10,0,0" data-index-in-node="0">Spike in Global Bunker Prices:</b> Refueling costs at major ports have climbed significantly. Very Low-Sulfur Fuel Oil (VLSFO) prices in Singapore reached $785 per metric ton (up 24%), while High-Sulfur Fuel Oil (HSFO) rose 32% to $579 per metric ton. European hubs saw similar spikes, with Rotterdam VLSFO climbing 17% to $676.50 per metric ton.</p></li><li><p data-path-to-node="10,1,0"><b data-path-to-node="10,1,0" data-index-in-node="0">Carrier Surcharge Frameworks:</b> CMA CGM announced emergency fuel surcharges of $150 per TEU and $165 per reefer container on long-haul routes. ONE introduced a similar EFS tier ($75/TEU dry, $100/reefer), while MSC updated its Global Fuel Surcharges across Asia-Europe and transpacific lanes.</p></li><li><p data-path-to-node="10,2,0"><b data-path-to-node="10,2,0" data-index-in-node="0">Expansion into Inland Logistics:</b> To offset rising landside diesel costs, carriers like Maersk and Hapag-Lloyd have expanded fuel surcharges to cover truck and rail intermodal legs across North America, the Nordics, and Western Europe.</p></li><li><p data-path-to-node="10,3,0"><b data-path-to-node="10,3,0" data-index-in-node="0">Impact on All-In Freight Rates:</b> Rather than adjusting base freight rates, ocean carriers are increasingly using temporary, pass-through surcharges to manage energy price volatility, creating weekly fluctuations in all-in landed costs for EXIM shippers.</p></li></ul>