<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:107%;

font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">KANDLA/MANGALURU</span></b><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">

— Indian ports are witnessing a dramatic shift in energy geopolitics as

foreign-flagged vessels carrying US liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) increasingly

sideline traditional Middle Eastern suppliers.<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:

&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">The shift has triggered a commercial "dead

zone" for Gulf-based fleets. Industry sources report that carriers

arriving from the Persian Gulf are facing idling periods of up to 10 days at

major hubs like <b>Kandla, Hazira, and Mangaluru</b> after discharging their

cargo. While recent transits through the Strait of Hormuz—such as the <i>Jag

Vikram</i>—have proceeded without incident following the ceasefire, the

economic incentive to return to the Gulf has plummeted.<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:

&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">The crisis for regional fleets stems from a production

explosion in the West. US LPG production reached a record <b>1.2 million

barrels per day</b> in the first quarter of 2026.<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:

&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Global operators, such as <b>Pyxis Tankers</b>, are

capitalizing on this surplus by deploying Very Large Gas Carriers (VLGCs) from

the Texas Gulf Coast. These "mega-tankers" offer economies of scale

that Middle Eastern routes currently cannot match. <o:p></o:p></span></p>

<div class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">

</span></div><p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:107%;

font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Infrastructure Strained by Success<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>

<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:

&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">While the influx of US cargo bolsters India’s energy

security, it is placing unprecedented pressure on domestic infrastructure. <b>Kandla’s

Oil Jetty No. 1</b>, responsible for 25% of India’s national LPG throughput, is

struggling to manage the presence of idling tonnage alongside new arrivals.<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:

&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">To prevent a total bottleneck, India is turning to its

rail infrastructure. The <b>Western Dedicated Freight Corridor (DFC)</b> is now

running at 70% capacity, serving as a critical pressure-release valve to move

gas from coastal terminals to bottling plants in Northern India, bypassing

congested road networks.<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<div class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">

</span></div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:

&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Analysts view this shift as a sign of India’s growing

"sourcing maturity." By diversifying its portfolio—increasing Russian

imports by 40% and US shale by 25%—India has effectively ended its sole

dependence on the volatile Persian Gulf.<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:

&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">For shipowners, the traditional "milk run"

between the Gulf and India is no longer a guaranteed profit center. As US price

advantages and trans-Pacific tonnage capture more of the Indian market,

Gulf-focused fleets are being forced to pivot toward European or intra-Asia

trades to remain solvent.<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:

&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Despite an 80% rebound in Strait of Hormuz traffic

since the ceasefire, the "foreign vessel preference" driven by US

price points appears to be a permanent new fixture of the Indian energy

landscape.<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:

&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">&nbsp;</span></p>